Codes of practice in film 

making 

Union for personnel (what do they do? who do they represent?)

Equity is made up of thousands of creative people from every genre, age and cultures. Equity brings together entertainment professionals and ensures that their demands are heard. For example increase in pay rise, health and safety regulations regardless of gender, ethnicity or disability. Equity represents all the entertainment professionals in singing, dancing, acting etc.  

BECTU is a democratic organisation run by representatives elected amongst its membership. There aim is to protect peoples job, increase membership, win agreements and improve pay rise and conditions of service including pensions. BECTU represents all UK's media and entertainment. 

PACT  is a organisation that helps and supports its members with legal and business advice which widens the range of services and campaign work.




Legal requirement:

Insurance
The insurance covers the legal responsibilities of the production and the activities that causes injury to a third party or damage to property. If the company does not regulate the health and safety regulations the insurance policy will become invalid. The film industry must have a minimum of £2 million cover for street filming or photography. In some areas they require the film makers to have at least £5 million depending on the size of the production and the location the film makers will use. 

Health and safety 

Workers in the film industry must follow the health and safety regulations. If the production has a good producer and a solid production schedule this way safety is easily maintained. If the production has a poorly managed shoot where everything is behind schedule and the crew is overworked it is more likely that an accident will occur. On the bigger film set there is a safety mangers who keeps an eye on potential problems. Jackie Chan has done many stunts in his career he has sustained an injury on set in the movie called Armour of God.

Working with children 
There are 10 code of protection, working with young people










Outline some of the main processes in the development and pre-production stages. Explain what happens.

Pre-production helps filmmakers to transform ideas into workable projects such as:

Brainstorming: Generating creative idea with a group of people will allow the people to share their thoughts and ideas as what to happen in the movie.

Finance: Finance is important within film making because you would have to pay for the crew, actors, meals, travel and many more. Sometimes within filmmaking an unexpected expenses may come up so the filmmaker must be aware not to dry up the budgeting for unnecessary things.

Storyboard/visualisation: A storyboard is a graphical representation of how the film is going to be shot. You can either sketch it or do it digitally which is best thing to do however doing the storyboard by sketch is more effective as it saves a lot of time and makes the production to be right on schedule this will help the producers who are making the film to have a clear idea of what the film would look like.

https://www.mediacollege.com/glossary/p/pre-production.html









Explain why each one is important in the making of a film

Logistics of production 

Why is it important to budget and to pre-plan expenditure for a media production?

Budgeting allows you to have a spending plan it ensures that you will always have enough money for the things you need and the things that are important, budgeting allows film companies not to be in debt, it also minimises the risks of wasting money. Budgeting will allow film maker's to organise the location, props, stunts, editing etc. However you need to save some budgeting money before paying for other costs, for example an unforeseen situation can happen such as fire can occur or unforeseen bad weather, industrial action for example the workers may go on a strike. 

Give an example of how even when pre-planning and budgeting happens, unforeseen circumstances can affect production.

For example on James Bond movie the actor Daniel Craig was injured behind the wheel during a high speed car chase though the streets of Rome and his second injury is when he was filming the movie. Daniel Craig flew out of Rome the next day, leaving the stuntman to take care of the rest of the shoot. These types of situation can affect the production because Daniel Craig is one of the main actor of the movie meaning that the production work has to be extended until Daniel can recover from the injury. 

Outline some of the logistics for pre-production, production and post production stages of a film's production. 


Pre-production includes budgeting, casting, hiring and looking for a location to shoot the movie and maybe rewriting certain parts in the script. Pre-production is the planning stage for making the movie, getting everything ready so filming can begin. For example the movie called Watchmen was in the development process for couple of months 

Newspapers and Tv

Newspaper:

There are 16 codes and regulation Newspapers have to follow, having regulations allows Newspapers to set a high professional standard. The editors and publishers have to follow the 16 regulations so that they can reduce complaints from people. One of the regulation is that Newspapers should be accurate and make sure they don't have any misleading and inaccurate information. 

For example Daily mirror has broke one of the regulation of accuracy, the Daily Mirror has given wrong information about the former mayor of the Borough of Dacorum was dead, however the information was related to another woman of the same name and not the former mayor. She said that the image in the article was of her, not the other woman.


Tv:
There are 10 section that talks about the regulation of Tv such as: protecting the under eighteen, harm and offence, religion etc. Some times the programme makers at times asks ofcom for advices this way program editors can reduce the chance of breaking the 10 regulations. 

Where does funding for the following come?

• Films

One of the ways films gets their funding is from ticket prices can fund the film, merchandising, DvD/TV/ Streaming rights and VOD (Video on demand), books and video games. Some films can also get money from other companies for example Disney who owns 5 companies this way other film making with in the company can borrow the money and once the film makes a decent profit then they can give the money back to Disney. One of the independent films is slumdog millionaire. 

• Tv programmes on commercial channels 

 Tv programmes are funded in different ways for example product placement pays Tv programmes to be features on Tv. Tv programmes can also be funded by sponsorship, sponsorship is a powerful tool that allows Tv programmes to have recognition meaning sponsors will bring in more audience from their side to watch one of the Tv programmes. Also Tv programmes can also appeal for donations this way their audience can donate money to help programmes to improve.  Sometimes traditional adverts like radios, magazines and Newspapers is still being used to advertise a Tv programmes.

• TV programmes on BBC 

 One of the main ways BBC gets funded is by the licence fees. Another way BBC gets funding is by selling one of the programmes to another broadcasting companies. Another way is by selling books based on programmes, and magazines about science and natural history.

• Newspaper 

Most of the revenue for newspaper comes from advertising to local and national advertisers. Another source newspapers gets funding is from subscription where they bring in revenue from sales at newsstand. Also some newspapers advertise the news online where they can get people to subscribe to their news, subscription revenues allows the Newspaper companies to be funded with money. 

• Websites 

Email marketing allows companies to make a lot of money this will allow the company to build a brand. Another way a website can get funded by is a donation pop up which allows the audience to donate money if they want to. 

CrowdFunding:
One of the example of a crowdFunding is the Kickstarter which is a known funding system that has raised a total of $220 million from 61,000 launched projects. Other CrowdFundings are indiegogo, RocketHub etc. 



National lottery grant: 
National lottery grant aims to help people become actively involved in projects that benefit their local community. One of the examples are the Lottery Capital, Our Heritage and many more. 

Licence fee:
The fee you pay provides a wide range of TV, radio and online content, as well as developing new ways to deliver it to you. In addition to funding BBC programmes and services, a proportion of the licence fee contributes to the costs of rolling out broadband to the UK population and funding Welsh Language TV channel S4C and local TV channels. 
The licence fee allows the BBC's UK services to remain free of advertisements and independent of shareholder and political interest. 




Finance:

The finance for magazine makes a little profit in this type of sale, called single copy sale, the cost to transport it to the newsstand and the commission the magazine company must pay the newsstand company for providing space to sell its magazine. Magazines make far more money from subscriptions since they cut out at least one of the intermediaries and get their product directly to the consumer. 

The finance for a website includes putting ads on websites which is a popular technique to get money also pay per views in a certain weeks/months will get the business some money. Also if you have traffic adsense on the business is certain to get money.